Quantitative Data Collection Tools:

• Socio-demographic characteristics. Information was recorded on age, gender, marital status, educational qualification, occupation, and monthly household income (INR).
• Anthropometric and Clinical assessments. Data on anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist circumference) will be taken. In addition, blood pressure levels will be recorded by using a digital sphygmomanometer, and random blood glucose levels will be recorded using a glucometer. Additionally, the third phase of the study will include laboratory tests for fasting blood sugar and lipid profiles at baseline and follow-ups at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months.
• Familiarity with the use of technology. Data will be gathered on the usage of mobile phones and the ability of the participants to read and send text messages, along with access to the internet.
• NCDs-related knowledge, attitude, and practices. This will be assessed using a series of questions about individuals’ existing disease-related knowledge and their attitudes and practices towards its self-management.
• 24-hour dietary recall. A 24-hour dietary recall was conducted to ascertain the dietary intake of the enrolled participants. The nutrient consumption within the last 24 hours was computed for macro- and micronutrients, viz. energy, proteins, carbohydrates, total fibre, fat, total saturated fatty acids (TSFA), total monounsaturated fatty acids (TMUFA), total polyunsaturated fatty acids (TPUFA), retinol, and vitamin E [14].
• Physical activity. This was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). MET-minutes (Metabolic Equivalent of Task) were calculated using the formula: Total MET-minutes = (Minutes per day × MET value) × Days per week [15].
• Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is the most widely used psychological instrument originally developed for measuring the perceived stress [16]. It is a measure of the degree to which situations are appraised as stressful. The PSS is a 10-item test that rates the frequency of stress-related experiences on a five-point scale from 0 (Never) to 4 (Very Often).
• Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a standardized self-rated questionnaire to assess sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month time interval [17].
• Medication Compliance Questionnaire. Medication adherence will be assessed using a Medication Compliance Questionnaire that consists of seven questions. A 4-point Likert scale will be used for rating each question (1 = all the time, 2 = most of the time, 3 = sometimes, 4 = none of the time), with higher scores indicating better adherence [18].
• Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA). This tool will be used to examine adherence to diet, exercise, medication, and glucose monitoring among participants with diabetes [19].
• Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). This tool will be used to assess alcohol consumption, drinking behaviours, and alcohol-related problems among the participants. It is a 10-item screening tool developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) that helps to identify individuals with hazardous or harmful patterns of alcohol use in both clinical and community settings [20].
• System Usability Scale (SUS). The System Usability Scale will be used to assess the usability of the developed digital intervention. The System Usability Scale, a widely accepted 10-item tool, measures the usability of any given system or product [21].